NEUTRAL VS EMOTIONAL

NEUTRAL

- Emotion are not shown

- High neutral countries : people act stoitically and maintain composure

- Example of countries : Japan

EMOTIONAL

- Emotion are expressed openly

- people smile a lot and talk loudly

-Netherlands, Switzerland

  

SPECIFIC VS DIFFUSE

SPECIFIC 

- Large public space shared with others and small private space guarded closely

- people open and extroverted

- strong separation work and personal life

- Austria,UK, US   

DIFFUSE

- Public and private spaces similar size

- public spaces guarded because shared with private space

- people indirect and introverted

- work/private life closely linked

- Example : Venezuela, China, Spain

   

UNIVERSALISM VS PARTICULARISM

UNIVERSALISM
 - Relationship are measured 
- Rules and regulation are essentials
-  Inclined to follow rules no matter what situation is
- High universalism countries : Canada, Netherlandsm, Switzerland

PARTICULARISM

- Circumtances dictates how ideas/practises are applied
- Modify contracts
- Particularism countries : China, South Korea 

 

TROMPENAARS CULTURE

•Co-created by Trompeenars and Hampden-Turner

• created to help understanding and managing cultural differences

• was created after 10 years of active worldwide research.

• each culture has its own values, beliefs and ways of thinking as well as its different preference placed on a variety of different factors.
    
• renowned HR Magazine has also selected Trompenaars on its "Most Influential International Thinkers" list.